ABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a cinética de secagem das folhas de erva baleeira (Cordia verbenacea DC.) bem como ajustar diferentes modelos matemáticos aos valores experimentais de razão de umidade. As folhas de erva baleeira foram colhidas com teor de água inicial de 75% b.u., sendo submetidas à secagem sob condições controladas de temperatura (40, 50, 60 e 70°C), até o teor de água aproximado de 10% b.u.. Aos dados experimentais foram ajustados oito modelos matemáticos citados na literatura específica e utilizados para a representação do processo de secagem de produtos agrícolas. Com base nos resultados obtidos pôde-se concluir que o modelo de Midilli é o que melhor representa a cinética de secagem das folhas de erva baleeira. O aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem promoveu maior taxa de remoção de água do produto. O coeficiente de difusão efetivo aumenta com a elevação da temperatura, sendo que sua relação com a temperatura de secagem pode ser descrita pela equação de Arrhenius. A energia de ativação para a difusão líquida durante a secagem das folhas de erva baleeira foi de 62,89 kJ mol-1 .
The objective of the present work was to evaluate the drying kinetics of Cordia verbanacea DC. leaves, as well to fit different mathematical models to the experimental data of the moisture ratio. The Cordia verbanacea Dc. leaves wers harvested with initial moisture content of approximately 75% w.b. and submitted to the drying process under controlled conditions of temperature (40, 50 60 and 70ºC), until the approximate moisture content of 10% w.b. Eight mathematical models mentioned or the specific literature were fitted to the experimental data and used to predict the drying process of the agricultural products. Based on the results obtained,swe have concluded that the Midilli model was the one that best represents the drying kinetics of Cordia verbanacea leaves. The temperature increase of the drying air promotes higher removal rate of water from the product. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with temperature elevation,tand its relationship with the drying temperature can be described through the Arrhenius equation, which presents activation energy of 62.89 kJ mol-1 for the liquid diffusion during the drying of the Cordia verbanacea DC. leaves.
Subject(s)
Plant Leaves , Cordia/classification , Plants, Medicinal/classification , Plant Components, Aerial/growth & development , Humidity/prevention & controlABSTRACT
Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae) apresenta grande valor na medicina popular em Caetité. A casca, entrecasca do caule e a resina, são utilizadas no tratamento de diversos males. Neste estudo são apresentadas a caracterização anatômica e histoquímica dos órgãos vegetativos. Amostras foram coletadas e processadas segundo técnicas usuais em anatomia vegetal e histoquímica. Todos os órgãos apresentam, em visão transversal, epiderme unisseriada e cavidades secretoras. Cutícula espessa ocorre em todos os órgãos aéreos. A raiz é tetrarca. Colênquima lacunar foi encontrado no caule. Bainha de fibras esclerenquimáticas envolve os feixes vasculares dos órgãos aéreos. Células pétreas ocorrem no pecíolo. Tricomas tectores ocorrem em ambas as faces da folha. A folha é hipoestomática com estômatos paracíticos e o mesofilo é dorsiventral. Cristais de oxalato de cálcio ocorrem no caule, pecíolo e lâmina foliar. Compostos fenólicos ocorrem na raiz, pecíolo e nervura central da folha. Grãos de amido ocorrem na raiz, caule e pecíolo. Lipídios ocorrem em todos os órgãos. Acredita-se que compostos fenólicos e cavidades secretoras de resina podem justificar a utilidade medicinal da espécie pela população de Caetité.
Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae) shows a great value in folk medicine in Caetité. Its bark, stem-bark and resin are used to treat various ailments. In this study, the anatomical and histochemical characterization of vegetative organs is reported. Samples were collected and processed according to usual techniques of plant anatomy and histochemistry. All organs have, by cross-sectional view, uniseriate epidermis and secretory cavities. Thick cuticle occurs in all aerial organs. The root is tetrarch. Lacunar collenchyma was found in the stem. Sclerenchymatic sheath of fibers surrounds the vascular bundles of the aerial organs. Stone cells occur in the petiole. Trichomes occur on both sides of the leaves. The leaf is hypostomatic with paracytic stomata and the mesophyll is dorsiventral. Calcium oxalate crystals occur in the stem, petiole and leaf blade. Phenolic compounds occur in the root, petiole and midrib of the leaf. Starch grains occur in the root, stem and petiole. Lipids occur in all organs. It is believed that phenolic compounds and resin secretory cavities may justify the use of medicinal species by the population of Caetité.
Subject(s)
Anatomy/instrumentation , Fabaceae/classification , Plant Components, Aerial/growth & developmentABSTRACT
Two independent parameters, epicotyl height (cm) and number of induced buds were studied on Pinus pinaster explants to analyse the effects of three phytohormones (6-benzylaminopurine, jasmonic acid, ethylene) which were combined or not in 11 different treatments. Epicotyle length diminished significantly in relation to the control medium (medium without exogen phytohormones) in presence of jasmonic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine or Ethephon (which is converted to ethylene in plants) in any of treatments. Concentrations of 100 microM of jasmonic acid and Ethephon had a greater inhibitory effect than the treatments with 10 microM. In addition to that, jasmonic acid was a stronger inhibitor than Ethephon in any of the tried combinations. There were no significant differences between the control treatment and the treatment s with only 10 microM of jasmonic acid or Ethephon. However, 10 microM 6-benzylaminopurine induced bud formation. The different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine with jasmonic acid and Ethephon showed that concentrations of 10 to 100 microM did not affect the number of induced buds. Jasmonic acid had an inhibitory effect which Ethephon only showed when combined with 100 microM of jasmonic acid and 10 microM of 6-benzylaminopurine. Three response groups were defined by cluster analysis: group 1 produced the greatest mean number of buds (4 to 5) and a mean epicotyl growth of 1 to 1.5 cm; group 2 produced 2 to 4 buds and a mean growth of 0.5 to 1.2 cm; group 3 produced only one bud and a mean epicotyl length of 1.2 to 2 cm.